What is spilled array in Google Sheets?

A spill range is the block of cells a dynamic-array formula fills automatically. If something is already in the spill path, Sheets shows a #SPILL! error. See the spill glossary page for fixes.

When to use it

Use this concept when building formulas that must scale, spill correctly, or stay readable for teammates.

When to skip it

Skip advanced mechanics when a single built-in function or pivot already returns the answer with less setup.

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Related Tutorials

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Related glossary terms

Google Sheets formulas

A formula is an instruction in a cell that calculates a result from other cells, ranges, or built-in functions. Every formula begins with =. When inputs change, the sheet recalculates so dashboards and models stay live without manual copy-paste. Formulas are the default automation layer inside the grid before Apps Script or add-ons.

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ARRAYFORMULA

ARRAYFORMULA tells Google Sheets to treat a formula as an array operation so one expression fills many cells at once. It is common with IF, VLOOKUP, and math on full columns before dynamic arrays made many patterns automatic. It still matters for legacy sheets and explicit control.

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#SPILL! error

#SPILL! means a dynamic array formula tried to fill multiple cells but something blocked the spill range. Another value, merged cells, or a table in the way stops the output. Clear the obstruction or move the formula to open space.

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Recalculation

Recalculation is when Google Sheets recomputes formula results after something changes. Most functions update when their input cells change. Volatile functions like NOW, RAND, and OFFSET recalculate more often. Large workbooks may feel slow when thousands of formulas refresh at once.

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spill range

A spill range is the block of cells a dynamic-array formula fills automatically. If something is already in the spill path, Sheets shows a #SPILL! error. See the spill glossary page for fixes.

Read guide →

spill collision

A spill range is the block of cells a dynamic-array formula fills automatically. If something is already in the spill path, Sheets shows a #SPILL! error. See the spill glossary page for fixes.

Read guide →

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