What is the Google Sheets equivalent of Power Query?

Power Query is Excel's click-and-refresh ETL engine. Google Sheets combines IMPORT functions, QUERY, Apps Script, Connected Sheets, and add-ons for the same jobs: pull web or file data, reshape tables, and refresh on a schedule. There is no Power Query UI inside Sheets.

When to use it

Use IMPORT*, QUERY, or Connected Sheets when Excel Power Query imported, merged, or unpivoted data.

When to skip it

Skip heavy ETL in the grid when BigQuery or an external pipeline should own the transform.

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Convert Google Sheets into a REST API

Convert Google Sheets into a REST API

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Related glossary terms

QUERY

QUERY runs a SQL-like statement against a range of cells and returns a new table of results. You pass a data range, a query string with SELECT, WHERE, ORDER BY, and optional headers. It is the fastest way to filter, sort, group, and pivot sheet data without helper columns.

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IMPORTRANGE

IMPORTRANGE loads values from a range in another Google spreadsheet into your current file. You pass the spreadsheet URL or key plus a range string with an optional sheet name. After you grant access once, the link stays live and updates when the source changes.

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Connected Sheets

Connected Sheets lets you explore very large datasets from BigQuery (and related Google Cloud sources) through a Sheets interface with extracts, pivot-style analysis, and scheduled refresh. You work with a connected tab instead of pasting millions of rows into the grid. It targets analysts who outgrow IMPORTRANGE but still want a spreadsheet UX.

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importing data into Sheets

Importing means pulling external data into a spreadsheet tab: from a file upload, another Google Sheet, a published CSV URL, or a function like IMPORTRANGE. The import dialog controls separator, locale, and whether new rows replace or append existing data.

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Google Apps Script

Apps Script is Google's JavaScript platform for automating Sheets and other Workspace apps. From a spreadsheet you can open Extensions > Apps Script to write code that reads cells, sends email, builds menus, and runs on triggers. It goes beyond formulas when you need custom workflows tied to your file.

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VBA

Google Sheets automation runs through Google Apps Script (JavaScript) and recorded macros, not VBA. In Excel, VBA is the desktop language behind macros, UserForms, and many add-ins. Rebuild Excel VBA in Apps Script: triggers, custom menus, and batch range updates replace most workbook automation.

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